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Statut: Publié
Aide étrangère destinée à la réforme du secteur judiciaire (2000)
Introduction
Ce rapport examine les facteurs qui contribuent à la réussite ou à l’échec des programmes d’aide. À partir d’entretiens avec des bénéficiaires de ces programmes dans quatre pays, on y étudie les programmes d’aide destinés au secteur judiciaire. L’information recueillie indique que ce type d’aide a facilité l’évolution dans le domaine constitutionnel ainsi que les réformes législatives, a contribué à renforcer les systèmes judiciaires et a fait connaître les concepts de droits humains au grand public et aux institutions publiques dans des pays où de telles notions étaient auparavant perçues comme subversives. Dans le même temps, des programmes mal conçus et mal mis en œuvre ont préservé des régimes répressifs de tout contrôle, ont entraîné le gaspillage de ressources vitales et ont détourné de leurs objectifs les institutions nationales. Il arrive que les donateurs préconisent des modèles inadaptés et fassent passer les intérêts de leur politique extérieure avant les considérations de droits humains. Les donateurs peuvent être des partenaires peu fiables, ils peuvent opter pour des solutions de fortune et accorder trop d’attention aux « stratégies de sortie ».
Ce rapport indique que le succès de ces programmes dépend de nombreux facteurs et il émet des recommandations qui peuvent être utiles aussi bien aux donateurs qu’aux bénéficiaires qui cherchent les moyens de renforcer l’impact de l’aide en matière des droits humains.
Équipe de recherche
Données biographiques en vigueur lorsque ce travail de recherche a été effectué.
Directeur de recherche
David Petrasek, Directeur de recherche, CIEDH, 1998-2002. Pour obtenir plus d’informations sur ce projet, veuillez contacter Fairouz El Tom, Chargée de la recherche et des publications, CIEDH.
Chercheur principal
Craig Mokhiber, a rédigé ce rapport durant un congé sabbatique pris dans le cadre de ses fonctions au sein du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme. Avocat spécialisé dans le droit international des droits humains, il a une grande expérience de la conception et de la mise en œuvre des programmes d’assistance aux droits humains. Il a écrit plusieurs manuels et guides de droits humains pour l’ONU et a effectué, pour l’ONU, dans de nombreux pays, des missions d’évaluation des besoins en droits humains, de conseil et de formation. Entre 1996 et 1998, il a été le conseiller juridique du Coordinateur spécial des Nations Unies dans les territoires occupés, où l’une de ses principales tâches consistait à coordonner l’assistance en matière de droits humains fournie à l’Autorité nationale palestinienne. Avant de rejoindre les Nations Unies, il a exercé en tant qu’avocat au Barreau de New York et milité au sein de plusieurs organisations non gouvernementales.
Chercheurs
Frank Frank La Rue, Fondateur et Directeur exécutif, Centre for Legal Action on Human Rights (CALDH).
Krassimir Kanev, Directeur, Bulgarian Helsinki Committee.
Corlett Letlojane, Africa Affairs Consultancy.
Thun Saray, Directeur, Cambodian Human Rights and Development Association (ADHOC).
Conseillers
Niels Dabelstein, Chef, Evaluation Secretariat, DANIDA, Ministère des Affaires étrangères du Danemark.
Patricia Feeney, Asesora Superior de Políticas, Oxfam.
Marcia Kran, Professeure de droit adjointe, University of British Columbia.
Daniel Ravindran, Fondateur, Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (Forum-Asia).
Justice E. M. Singini, Juge, Haute Cour du Malawi.
Renate Weber, Co-Présidente, Romanian Helsinki Committee, et Directrice de l’Open Society Institute de Roumanie.
Documents
Donateurs
Liens
Agence canadienne de développement international
Commission Internationale de Juristes (CIJ)
Danish International Development Assistance (DANIDA)
Department for International Development (DFID)
Direction du développement et de la coopération (DDC)
Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement (PNUD) - Gouvernance démocratique
Projet de justice Société ouverte
Swedish Agency for International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida)
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“C’est extrêmement intéressant et cela nous incite à repenser nos programmes de façon globale.” Mary Ndlovu , Legal Resources Foundation, Zimbabwe
“Le rapport est excellent. J’espère seulement qu’il fera l’objet de l’attention qu’il mérite de la part des donateurs comme des bénéficiaires.” Rick Messick, Banque mondiale